PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.